The following list comprises a selection of bibliographic resources utilized as reference materials in this website
The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies
Genocide has scarred human societies since Antiquity. In the modern era, genocide has been a global phenomenon: from massacres in colonial America, Africa, and Australia to the Holocaust of European Jewry and mass death in Maoist China. In recent years, the discipline of ‘genocide studies’ has developed to offer analysis and comprehension.
The Oxford Handbook of Genocide Studies is the first book to subject both genocide and the young discipline it has spawned to systematic, in-depth investigation. Thirty-four renowned experts study genocide through the ages by taking regional, thematic, and disciplinary-specific approaches. Chapters examine secessionist and political genocides in modern Asia. Others treat the violent dynamics of European colonialism in Africa, the complex ethnic geography of the Great Lakes region, and the structural instability of the continent’s northern horn. South and North America receive detailed coverage, as do the Ottoman Empire, Nazi-occupied Europe, and post-communist Eastern Europe. Sustained attention is paid to themes like gender, memory, the state, culture, ethnic cleansing, military intervention, the United Nations, and prosecutions.
The work is multi-disciplinary, featuring the work of historians, anthropologists, lawyers, political scientists, sociologists, and philosophers. Uniquely combining empirical reconstruction and conceptual analysis, this Handbook presents and analyses regions of genocide and the entire field of ‘genocide studies’ in one substantial volume.
ISBN-13: 9780199232116
ISBN-10: 0199232113
Authors: Bloxham, Donald; Moses, A. Dirk
Edition: 1
Binding: Hardcover
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: December 2010
Encyclopedia of War Crimes And Genocide (Facts on File Library of World History)
This A-to-Z encyclopedia examines the entire history of crimes against humanity, during both wartime and peacetime. With more than 450 entries, the encyclopedia covers a wide range of relevant topics: human rights, war criminals, trials of war crimes, examples of genocide, international organizations and international law concerning war crimes, and more. Also included is a primary resources section of documents vital to understanding this subject.
Coverage includes: Amnesty International, apartheid, Armenian genocide, Babi Yar, Klaus Barbie, biological weapons, Bosnia and Herzegovinia, Cambodia, collateral damage, conflict diamonds, Darfur, Francois “Papa Doc” Duvalier, El Salvador, ethnic cleansing, Freedom House, Geneva Conventions, ghost prisoners, gulags, Human Rights Convention, Saddam Hussein, International Committee of the Red Cross, My Lai massacre, North Korea, Pol Pot, Rwanda, Shining Path, slavery, Taliban, Desmond Tutu, and Simon Wiesenthal.
ISBN-13: 9780816060016
ISBN-10: 0816060010
Authors: Leslie Alan Horvitz; Christopher Catherwood
Binding: Hardcover
Publisher: Facts on File
Published: December 2006
Armenian Atrocities, The Murder Of A Nation
Arnold J. Toynbee was an English historian, a philosopher of history, an author of numerous books and a research professor of international history at the London School of Economics and King’s College London. From 1918 to 1950, Toynbee was considered a leading specialist on international affairs.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. The historical research and information collation he did to put the work together is very impressive, especially considering the date the work was written. Because of all of the supportive data he gives, it makes this piece and excellent research book for the subject of the Armenian Genocide at the hands of the Ottoman Turks.
This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. While some publishers have opted to apply OCR (optical character recognition) technology to the process, we believe this leads to sub-optimal results (frequent typographical errors, strange characters and confusing formatting) and does not adequately preserve the historical character of the original artifact. We believe this work is culturally important in its original archival form. While we strive to adequately clean and digitally enhance the original work, there are occasionally instances where imperfections such as blurred or missing pages, poor pictures or errant marks may have been introduced due to either the quality of the original work or the scanning process itself. Despite these occasional imperfections, we have brought it back into print as part of our ongoing global book preservation commitment, providing customers with access to the best possible historical reprints. We appreciate your understanding of these occasional imperfections, and sincerely hope you enjoy seeing the book in a format as close as possible to that intended by the original publisher.
ISBN-13: 9781376160222
ISBN-10: 1376160226
Author: Arnold Joseph Toynbee
Publisher: Andesite Press
Published: December 2017
Studies in Contemporary Jewry: Volume XVIII: Jews and Violence: Images. Ideologies, Realities (Studies in Contemporary Jewry, Vol. XVIII)
This is the newest volume of the annual Studies In Contemporary Jewry series. It contains original essays on Jews and crime in fact, fantasy, and fiction; verbal and physical violence in Israeli politics; Jews as revolutionaires; armed resistance by Jews in Nazi Germany; ethical dilemmas within the Israeli Defense Forces; violence in Israeli society and social stress; and other topics. As with other volumes, it also contains review essays and book reviews.
On Page 259, Ronald Suny provides insights on Yair Auron’s monograph on
Zionism and the Genocide and the edited volume by Richard G. Hovannisian and considers them as the two of the best of recent exposures of what and why of the crimes of 1915 and the obscene attempts to cover them up.
ISBN-13:978-0195160093
ISBN-10: 0195160096
Author: Peter Y. Medding
Publisher: xford University Press; Illustrated edition
Published: 27 Mar. 2003
Two War Years in Constantinople: Sketches of German And Young Turkish Ethics And Politics
This book is an insightful critique of German imperial policy in the Near East written by the correspondent for “Kölnische Zeitung” in Constantinople between 1915-1917. Very much a man of ideas, and an energetic journalist, Harry Stürmer kept close watch over developments in the Ottoman capital. When he left the Empire in 1917, he published a devastating critique of German and Turkish policies. Of particular interest were Stürmer’s revelations about the systematic annihilation of Ottoman Armenians. The original German work was published in neutral Switzerland. Since the German Foreign Office could not provide an adequate response to Stürmer’s account, it tried to suppress the work by buying its translation rights into European languages. Unfortunately for the Foreign Office, it did not manage to buy the English rights in time, and Stürmer’s book appeared in English shortly after the German publication. In this revised edition of the original German translation, Dr. Hilmar Kaiser, a scholar of late Ottoman history, provides a critique of Stürmer’s work. He identifies contemporary reports by Stürmer in German archives and uses them for an insightful appraisal of the book. Kaiser also identifies passages which were left out of the original German to English translation. These passages have been identified and appended to the present work.
ISBN-13: 9781376160222
ISBN-10: 1376160226
Author: Harry Sturmer (Author), Hilmar Kaiser (Introduction)
Publisher: A Taderon Pr;
Published: April 2005 (Revised Editon)
The Great Game of Genocide: Imperialism, Nationalism, and the Destruction of the Ottoman Armenians
The Great Game of Genocide addresses the origins, development and aftermath of the Armenian genocide in a wide-ranging reappraisal based on primary and secondary sources from all the major parties involved. Rejecting the determinism of many influential studies, and discarding polemics on all sides, it founds its interpretation of the genocide in the interaction between the Ottoman empire in its decades of terminal decline, the self-interested policies of the European imperial powers, and the agenda of some Armenian nationalists in and beyond Ottoman territory. Particular attention is paid to the international context of the process of ethnic polarization that culminated in the massive destruction of 1912-23, and especially the obliteration of the Armenian community in 1915-16. The opening chapters of the book examine the relationship between the great power politics of the ‘eastern question’ from 1774, the narrower politics of the ‘Armenian question’ from the mid-nineteenth century, and the internal Ottoman questions of reforming the complex social and ethnic order under intense external pressure. Later chapters include detailed case studies of the role of Imperial Germany during the First World War (reaching conclusions markedly different to the prevailing orthodoxy of German complicity in the genocide); the wartime Entente and then the uncomfortable postwar Anglo-French axis; and American political interest in the Middle East in the interwar period which led to a policy of refusing to recognize the genocide. The book concludes by explaining the ongoing international denial of the genocide as an extension of the historical ‘Armenian question’, with many of the same considerations governing modern European-American-Turkish interaction as existed prior to the First World War.
ISBN-13: 9780199226887
ISBN-10: 0199226881
Author: Bloxham, Donald
Edition: Illustrated
Binding: Paperback
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: December 2007
Justifying Genocide: Germany and the Armenians from Bismarck to Hitler
The Armenian Genocide and the Nazi Holocaust are often thought to be separated by a large distance in time and space. But Stefan Ihrig shows that they were much more connected than previously thought. Bismarck and then Wilhelm II staked their foreign policy on close relations with a stable Ottoman Empire. To the extent that the Armenians were restless under Ottoman rule, they were a problem for Germany too. From the 1890s onward Germany became accustomed to excusing violence against Armenians, even accepting it as a foreign policy necessity. For many Germans, the Armenians represented an explicitly racial problem and despite the Armenians’ Christianity, Germans portrayed them as the “Jews of the Orient.”
As Stefan Ihrig reveals in this first comprehensive study of the subject, many Germans before World War I sympathized with the Ottomans’ longstanding repression of the Armenians and would go on to defend vigorously the Turks’ wartime program of extermination. After the war, in what Ihrig terms the “great genocide debate,” German nationalists first denied and then justified genocide in sweeping terms. The Nazis too came to see genocide as justifiable: in their version of history, the Armenian Genocide had made possible the astonishing rise of the New Turkey.
Ihrig is careful to note that this connection does not imply the Armenian Genocide somehow caused the Holocaust, nor does it make Germans any less culpable. But no history of the twentieth century should ignore the deep, direct, and disturbing connections between these two crimes.
ISBN-13: 9780674504790
ISBN-10: 0674504798
Author: Ihrig, Stefan
Edition: First Edition /First Printing
Binding: Hardcover
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Published: December 2016
Atatürk in the Nazi Imagination
Early in his career, Adolf Hitler took inspiration from Benito Mussolini, his senior colleague in fascism—this fact is widely known. But an equally important role model for Hitler and the Nazis has been almost entirely neglected: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey. Stefan Ihrig’s compelling presentation of this untold story promises to rewrite our understanding of the roots of Nazi ideology and strategy.
Hitler was deeply interested in Turkish affairs after 1919. He not only admired but also sought to imitate Atatürk’s radical construction of a new nation from the ashes of defeat in World War I. Hitler and the Nazis watched closely as Atatürk defied the Western powers to seize government, and they modeled the Munich Putsch to a large degree on Atatürk’s rebellion in Ankara. Hitler later remarked that in the political aftermath of the Great War, Atatürk was his master, he and Mussolini his students.
This was no fading fascination. As the Nazis struggled through the 1920s, Atatürk remained Hitler’s “star in the darkness,” his inspiration for remaking Germany along nationalist, secular, totalitarian, and ethnically exclusive lines. Nor did it escape Hitler’s notice how ruthlessly Turkish governments had dealt with Armenian and Greek minorities, whom influential Nazis directly compared with German Jews. The New Turkey, or at least those aspects of it that the Nazis chose to see, became a model for Hitler’s plans and dreams in the years leading up to the invasion of Poland.
ISBN-13: 9780674368378
ISBN-10: 0674368371
Authors: Ihrig; Stefan
Publisher: Belknap Press: An Imprint of Harvard University Press
Published: December 2014
The Armenian Genocide: Evidence from the German Foreign Office Archives, 1915-1916
In 1915, the Armenians were exiled from their land, and in the process of deportation 1.5 million of them were killed. The 1915-1916 annihilation of the Armenians was the archetype of modern genocide, in which a state adopts a specific scheme geared to the destruction of an identifiable group of its own citizens. Official German diplomatic documents are of great importance in understanding the genocide, as only Germany had the right to report day-by-day in secret code about the ongoing genocide. The motives, methods, and after-effects of the Armenian Genocide echoed strongly in subsequent cases of state-sponsored genocide. Studying the factors that went into the Armenian Genocide not only gives us an understanding of historical genocide, but also provides us with crucial information for the anticipation and possible prevention of future genocides.
ISBN-13: 9781782381433
ISBN-10: 1782381430
Edition: 1
Binding: Hardcover
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Published: December 2013
Turkish Armed Forces from Early History to Modern Times
The origins of the Turkish armed forces go back to the 3rd century B.C. Historically important they became when in 1453 they conquered Constantinople, made an end to the Byzantine Empire and founded the Ottoman Empire which dominated the Middle East, North Africa and great parts of the Balkans until middle of the 19th century. Then its decline began and at the end the Ottoman Empire was the “Sick Man” on the Bosporus. World War I brought an end and in 1923 the Republic was founded by Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk). From then on the army was the guard of the Republic against external and internal forces. This study describes the details of these developments with focus on the development of the Turkish military. The author was an officer by profession and spent many years as NATO-staff in Turkey.
ISBN-13: 9783447114387
ISBN-10: 344711438X
Authors: Lisec; Eckhard
Publisher: Harrassowitz Verlag
Published: December 2020
The Genocide Convention International And Comparative Criminal Justice Series
“The Genocide Convention” explores the question of whether the law, and genocide law in particular, can prevent mass atrocities. The volume explains how genocide came to be accepted as a legal norm and analyses the intent required for this categorization. The work also discusses individual suits against states for genocide and, finally, explores the utility of genocide as a legal concept. This series explores the new and rapidly developing field of international
and comparative criminal justice and engages with its most important emerging
themes and debates. It focuses on three interrelated aspects of scholarship
which go to the root of understanding the nature and significance of international criminal justice in the broader context of globalization and global governance. These include: the theoretical and methodological problems posed by the development of international and comparative criminal justice; comparative contextual analysis; the reciprocal relationship between comparative and international criminal justice and contributions which endeavor to build understandings of global justice on foundations of comparative contextual analysis.
ISBN-13: 9780754647300
ISBN-10: 0754647307
Author: Quigley
Publisher: Routledge
Published: December 2006
Raphael Lemkin and the Struggle for the Genocide Convention
This book is the first complete biography of Raphael Lemkin, the father of the United Nations Genocide Convention, based on his papers; and shows how his campaign for an international treaty succeeded. In addition, the book covers Lemkin’s inauguration of the historical study of past genocides. Raphael Lemkin, a central figure in efforts to expose the atrocities committed in the name of the Third Reich, and in efforts at legal reform to prevent such atrocities in the future. During World War II, Lemkin wrote Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, a weighty tome that documented Nazi atrocities and introduced a term Lemkin devised—“genocide”—to describe acts aimed at the destruction of a people. Lemkin served as a consultant at the 1946 trial of major war criminals in Nuremberg. He lobbied United Nations member states to adopt a resolution declaring genocide a crime, and called for a treaty whereby states would collaborate to prevent and punish it. Lemkin was invited to join a three-member United Nations committee that prepared a draft of what in 1948 became the Convention on the Prevention.
ISBN-13: 9781349354689
ISBN-10: 1349354686
Author: Cooper, J.
Edition: 1st ed. 2008
Binding: Paperback
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Published: December 2008
The Psychology of Genocide
Genocide has tragically claimed the lives of over 262 million victims in the last century. Jews, Armenians, Cambodians, Darfurians, Kosovons, Rwandans, the list seems endless. Clinical psychologist Steven K. Baum sets out to examine the psychological patterns to these atrocities. Building on trait theory as well as social psychology he reanalyzes key conformity studies (including the famous experiments of Ash, Millgram and Zimbardo) to bring forth a new understanding of identity and emotional development during genocide. Baum presents a model that demonstrates how people’s actions during genocide actually mirror their behaviour in everyday life: there are those who destruct (perpetrators), those who help (rescuers) and those who remain uninvolved, positioning themselves between the two extremes (bystanders). Combining eyewitness accounts with Baum’s own analysis, this book reveals the common mental and emotional traits among perpetrators, bystanders and rescuers and how a war between personal and social identity accounts for these divisions.
ISBN-13: 9780521713924
ISBN-10: 0521713927
Author: Baum, Steven K.
Edition: 1
Binding: Paperback
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: May 2008
Armenian Golgotha: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide, 1915-1918
Never before in English, Armenian Golgotha is the most dramatic and comprehensive eyewitness account of the first modern genocide.
On April 24, 1915, the priest Grigoris Balakian was arrested along with some 250 other intellectuals and leaders of Constantinople’s Armenian community. It was the beginning of the Ottoman Turkish government’s systematic attempt to eliminate the Armenian people from Turkey; it was a campaign that continued through World War I and the fall of the Ottoman Empire, by which time more than a million Armenians had been annihilated and expunged from their historic homeland. For Grigoris Balakian, himself condemned, it was also the beginning of a four-year ordeal during which he would bear witness to a seemingly endless caravan of blood.
Balakian sees his countrymen sent in carts, on donkeys, or on foot to face certain death in the desert of northern Syria. Many would not even survive the journey, suffering starvation, disease, mutilation, and rape, among other tortures, before being slaughtered en route. In these pages, he brings to life the words and deeds of survivors, foreign witnesses, and Turkish officials involved in the massacre process, and also of those few brave, righteous Turks, who, with some of their German allies working for the Baghdad Railway, resisted orders calling for the death of the Armenians. Miraculously, Balakian manages to escape, and his flight—through forest and over mountain, in disguise as a railroad worker and then as a German soldier—is a suspenseful, harrowing odyssey that makes possible his singular testimony.
Full of shrewd insights into the political, historical, and cultural context of the Armenian genocide—the template for the subsequent mass killings that have cast a shadow across the twentieth century and beyond—this memoir is destined to become a classic of survivor literature. Armenian Golgotha is sure to deepen our understanding of a catastrophic crime that the Turkish government, the Ottomans’ successor, denies to this day.
ISBN-13: 9781400096770
ISBN-10: 1400096774
Author: Balakian, Grigoris
Edition: Illustrated
Binding: Paperback
Publisher: Vintage
Published: December 2010
Killing Orders: Talat Pasha’s Telegrams and the Armenian Genocide
The book represents an earthquake in genocide studies, particularly in the field of Armenian Genocide research. A unique feature of the Armenian Genocide has been the long-standing efforts of successive Turkish governments to deny its historicity and to hide the documentary evidencesurrounding it. This book provides a major clarification of the often blurred lines between facts and truth in regard to these events. The authenticity of the killing orders signed by Ottoman Interior Minister Talat Pasha and the memoirs of the Ottoman bureaucrat Naim Efendi have been two of the most contested topics in this regard. The denialist school has long argued that these documents and memoirs were all forgeries, produced by Armenians to further their claims. Taner Akçam provides the evidence to refute the basis of these claims and demonstrates clearly why the documents can be trusted as authentic, revealing the genocidal intent of the Ottoman-Turkish government towards its Armenian population. As such, this work removes a cornerstone from the denialist edifice, and further establishes the historicity of the Armenian Genocide.
ISBN-13: 9783319697864
ISBN-10: 3319697862
Author: Akçam, Taner
Edition: 1st ed. 2018
Binding: Paperback
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Published: January 2018
Survivors: An Oral History of the Armenian Genocide
Between 1915 and 1923, over one million Armenians died, victims of a genocidal campaign that is still denied by the Turkish government. Thousands of other Armenians suffered torture, brutality, deportation. Yet their story has received scant attention. Through interviews with a hundred elderly Armenians, Donald and Lorna Miller give the “forgotten genocide” the hearing it deserves. Survivors raise important issues about genocide and about how people cope with traumatic experience. Much here is wrenchingly painful, yet it also speaks to the strength of the human spirit.
ISBN-13: 9780520219564
ISBN-10: 0520219562
Authors: Miller, Donald E.; Miller, Lorna Touryan
Edition: First
Binding: Paperback
Publisher: University of California Press
Published: December 1999
The Thirty-Year Genocide: Turkey’s Destruction of Its Christian Minorities, 1894–1924
Between 1894 and 1924, three waves of violence swept across Anatolia, targeting the region’s Christian minorities, who had previously accounted for 20 percent of the population. By 1924, the Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks had been reduced to 2 percent. Most historians have treated these waves as distinct, isolated events, and successive Turkish governments presented them as an unfortunate sequence of accidents. The Thirty-Year Genocide is the first account to show that the three were actually part of a single, continuing, and intentional effort to wipe out Anatolia’s Christian population.
The years in question, the most violent in the recent history of the region, began during the reign of the Ottoman sultan Abdulhamid II, continued under the Young Turks, and ended during the first years of the Turkish Republic founded by Ataturk. Yet despite the dramatic swing from the Islamizing autocracy of the sultan to the secularizing republicanism of the post-World War I period, the nation’s annihilationist policies were remarkably constant, with continual recourse to premeditated mass killing, homicidal deportation, forced conversion, mass rape, and brutal abduction. And one thing more was a constant: the rallying cry of jihad. While not justified under the teachings of Islam, the killing of two million Christians was effected through the calculated exhortation of the Turks to create a pure Muslim nation. Revelatory and impeccably researched, Benny Morris and Dror Ze’evi’s account is certain to transform how we see one of modern history’s most horrific events.
ISBN-13: 9780674251434
ISBN-10: 0674251431
Authors: Morris, Benny; Ze’evi, Dror
Binding: Paperback
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Published: December 2021
Talaat Pasha. Father of Modern Turkey, Architect of Genocide
Talaat Pasha (1874–1921) led the triumvirate that ruled the late Ottoman Empire during World War I and is arguably the father of modern Turkey. He was also the architect of the Armenian Genocide, which would result in the systematic extermination of more than a million people, and which set the stage for a century that would witness atrocities on a scale never imagined. Here is the first biography in English of the revolutionary figure who not only prepared the way for Atatürk and the founding of the republic in 1923, but who shaped the modern world as well.
In this explosive book, Hans-Lukas Kieser provides a mesmerizing portrait of a man who maintained power through a potent blend of the new Turkish ethno-nationalism, the political Islam of former Sultan Abdulhamid II, and a readiness to employ radical “solutions” and violence. From Talaat’s role in the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 to his exile from Turkey and assassination–a sensation in Weimar Germany—Kieser restores the Ottoman drama to the heart of world events. He shows how Talaat wielded far more power than previously realized, making him the de facto ruler of the empire. He brings wartime Istanbul vividly to life as a thriving diplomatic hub, and reveals how Talaat’s cataclysmic actions would reverberate across the twentieth century.
In this major work of scholarship, Kieser tells the story of the brilliant and merciless politician who stood at the twilight of empire and the dawn of the age of genocide.
Hans-Lukas Kieser is associate professor in the School of Humanities and Social Science at the University of Newcastle in Australia and adjunct professor of history at the University of Zurich in Switzerland. His many books include Nearest East: American Millennialism and Mission to the Middle East, World War I and the End of the Ottomans: From the Balkan Wars to the Armenian Genocide, and Turkey beyond Nationalism.
ISBN-13: 9780691202587
ISBN-10: 0691202583
Author: Kieser, Hans-Lukas
Binding: Paperback
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Published: April 2020
A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility
Beginning in 1915, under the cover of a world war, some one million Armenians were killed through starvation, forced marches, and mass acts of slaughter. Although Armenians and the judgment of history have long held the Ottoman powers responsible for genocide, modern Turkey has rejected any such claim.
Now, in a pioneering work of excavation, Turkish historian Taner Akçam has made unprecedented use of Ottoman and other sources―military and court records, parliamentary minutes, letters, and eyewitness reports―to produce a scrupulous account of Ottoman culpability. Tracing the causes of the mass destruction, Akçam reconstructs its planning and implementation by the departments of state, the military, and the ruling political parties, and he probes the multiple failures to bring the perpetrators to justice.
As the topic of the Armenian genocide provokes ever-greater passion and controversy around the world, Akçam’s work has only become more important and relevant. Beyond its timeliness, however, A Shameful Act is sure to take its lasting place as a classic and necessary work on the subject.
ISBN-13: 9780805086652
ISBN-10: 080508665X
Authors: Akcam; Taner
Publisher: Picador
Published: December 2007
Surviving the Forgotten Genocide: An Armenian Memoir
A rare and poignant testimony of a survivor of the Armenian genocide. The twentieth century was an era of genocide, which started with the Turkish destruction of more than one million Armenian men, women, and children–a modern process of total, violent erasure that began in 1895 and exploded under the cover of the First World War. John Minassian lived through this as a young man, witnessing the murder of his kin, concealing his identity as an orphan and laborer in Syria, and eventually immigrating to the United States to start his life anew. A rare testimony of a survivor of the Armenian genocide, one of just a handful of accounts in English, Minassian’s memoir is breathtaking in its vivid portraits of Armenian life and culture and poignant in its sensitive recollections of the many people who harmed and helped him. As well as a searing testimony, his memoir documents the wartime policies and behavior of Ottoman officials and their collaborators; the roles played by foreign armies and American missionaries; and the ultimate collapse of the empire. The author’s journey, and his powerful story of perseverance, despair, and survival, will resonate with readers today.
ISBN-13: 9781538133705
ISBN-10: 1538133709
Author: Minassian, John
Binding: Hardcover
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Published: December 2020
The British Empire and the Armenian Genocide: Humanitarianism and Imperial Politics from Gladstone to Churchill
An estimated one million Armenians were killed in the dying days of the Ottoman Empire in 1915. Against the backdrop of World War I, reports of massacre, atrocity, genocide and exile sparked the largest global humanitarian response up to that date. Britain and its empire-the most powerful internationalist institutional force at the time-played a key role in determining the global response to these events. This book considers the first attempt to intervene on behalf of the victims of the massacres and to prosecute those responsible for ‘crimes against humanity’ using newly uncovered archival material. It looks at those who attempted to stop the violence and to prosecute the Ottoman perpetrators of the atrocities. In the process it explores why the Armenian question emerged as one of the most popular humanitarian causes in British society, capturing the imagination of philanthropists, politicians and the press. For liberals, it was seen as the embodiment of the humanitarian ideals espoused by their former leader (and four-time Prime Minister), W.E. Gladstone. For conservatives, as articulated most clearly by Winston Churchill, it proved a test case for British imperial power. In looking at the British response to the events in Anatolia, Michelle Tusan provides a new perspective on the genocide and sheds light on one of the first ever international humanitarian campaigns.
ISBN-13: 9780755601264
ISBN-10: 0755601262
Author: Michelle Tusan
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing (UK)
Published: December 2019
The Armenian Genocide: A Complete History
The Armenian Genocide was one of the greatest atrocities of the twentieth century, an episode in which up to 1.5 million Armenians lost their lives. In this major new history, the renowned historian Raymond Kevorkian provides an authoritative account of the origins, events and consequences of the years 1915 and 1916. He considers the role that the Armenian Genocide played in the construction of the Turkish nation state and Turkish identity, as well as exploring the ideologies of power, rule and state violence. Crucially, he examines the consequences of the violence against the Armenians, the implications of deportations and attempts to bring those who committed the atrocities to justice.
Kevorkian offers a detailed and meticulous record, providing an authoritative analysis of the events and their impact upon the Armenian community itself, as well as the development of the Turkish state. This important book will serve as an indispensable resource to historians of the period, as well as those wishing to understand the history of genocidal violence more generally.
ISBN-13: 9781848855618
ISBN-10: 1848855613
Author: Kévorkian, Raymond
Binding: Hardcover
Publisher: I.B. Tauris
Published: December 2011
A Question of Genocide: Armenians and Turks at the End of the Ottoman Empire
One hundred years after the deportations and mass murder of Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians, and other peoples in the final years of the Ottoman Empire, the history of the Armenian genocide is a victim of historical distortion, state-sponsored falsification, and deep divisions between Armenians and Turks. Working together for the first time, Turkish, Armenian, and other scholars present here a compelling reconstruction of what happened and why.
This volume gathers the most up-to-date scholarship on Armenian genocide, looking at how the event has been written about in Western and Turkish historiographies; what was happening on the eve of the catastrophe; portraits of the perpetrators; detailed accounts of the massacres; how the event has been perceived in both local and international contexts, including World War I; and reflections on the broader implications of what happened then. The result is a comprehensive work that moves beyond nationalist master narratives and offers a more complete understanding of this tragic event.
ISBN-13: 9780195393743
ISBN-10: 0195393740
Edition: Illustrated
Binding: Hardcover
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: December 2011
The End of the Ottomans: The Genocide of 1915 and the Politics of Turkish Nationalism
The End of the Ottomans: The Genocide of 1915 and the Politics of Turkish Nationalism. In the early part of the twentieth century, as Europe began its descent into the First World War, the Ottoman world – once the largest Empire in the Middle East – began to experience a revolution which would culminate in the new, secular Turkish state. Alongside this, in 1915, as part of an increasing nationalism, it enacted a genocide against its Armenian citizens. In this new study, Hans-Lukas Kieser marshals a dazzling array of scholars to re-evaluate the approach and legacy of the Young Turks – whose eradication of the Armenians from Asia Minor would have far-reaching consequences. Kieser argues that genocide led to today’s crisis-ridden Middle East and set in place a rigid state system whose effects are still felt in Turkey today.Featuring new and groundbreaking work on the role of bureaucracy, the actors outside of Istanbul and recentreing Armenian agency in the genocide,The End of the Ottomans is a vital new study of the Ottoman world, the Armenian Genocide and of the Middle East.The End of the Ottomans: The Genocide of 1915 and the Politics of Turkish Nationalism.
ISBN-13: 9780755635979
ISBN-10: 0755635973
Author: Hans-Lukas Kieser
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing (UK)
Published: December 2020
Barbaric Civilization A Critical Sociology of Genocide
From its beginnings in the early twelfth century, the Western civilizing process has involved two interconnected transformations: the monopolization of military force by sovereign states and the cultivation in individuals of habits and dispositions of the kind that we call “civilized.” The combined forward movement of these processes channels violent struggles for social dominance into symbolic performances. But even as the civilizing process frees many subjects from the threat of direct physical force, violence accumulates behind the scenes and at the margins of the social order, kept there by a deeply habituated performance of dominance and subordination called differentiation. When differentiation fails, difference becomes dangerous and genocide becomes possible. Connecting historical developments with everyday life occurrences, and discussing examples ranging from thirteenth-century Langue doc to 1994 Rwanda, Powell offers an original framework for analyzing, comparing, and discussing genocides as variable outcomes of a common underlying social system, raising unsettling questions about the contradictions of Western civilization and the possibility of a world without genocide.
ISBN-13: 9780773538566
ISBN-10: 0773538569
Author: Powell, Christopher
Edition: 1
Binding: Paperback
Publisher: McGill-Queen’s University Press
Published: June 2011
America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915 (Studies in the Social and Cultural History of Modern Warfare, Series Number 15)
Before Rwanda and Bosnia, and before the Holocaust, the first genocide of the twentieth century happened in Turkish Armenia in 1915, when approximately one million people were killed. This volume is the first account of the American response to this atrocity. The first part sets up the framework for understanding the genocide: Sir Martin Gilbert, Vahakn Dadrian, and Jay Winter provide an analytical setting for nine scholarly essays examining how Americans learned of this catastrophe and how they tried to help its victims. Knowledge and compassion, though, were not enough to stop the killings. A terrible precedent was born in 1915, one which has come to haunt the United States and other Western countries throughout the twentieth century and beyond. To read the chapters in this volume is chastening: the dilemmas Americans faced when confronting evil on an unprecedented scale are not very different from the dilemmas we face today.
ISBN-13: 9780521071239
ISBN-10: 0521071232
Edition: 1
Binding: Paperback
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Published: December 2008
World War I [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection
Offering exhaustive coverage, detailed analyses, and the latest historical interpretations of events, this expansive, five-volume encyclopedia is the most comprehensive and detailed reference source on the First World War available today.
![World War I [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection](https://i0.wp.com/images.isbndb.com/covers/96/41/9781851099641.jpg?w=900&ssl=1)
• Provides comprehensive coverage of the causes of the war that allows readers to fully understand the complex origins of such a monumental conflict
• Supplies detailed analyses and explanations of the events before, during, and after World War I, such as how the results of the war set the stage for the global Great Depression of the 1930s, as well as detailed biographical data on key military and civilian individuals during World War I
• Includes a chronologically organized document volume that enables students to examine the sources of historical information firsthand
• Covers all key battles, land and sea, and their impacts, as well as the critical technological developments that affected the war’s outcomes
ISBN-13: 9781851099641
ISBN-10: 1851099646
Edition: 2
Binding: Hardcover
Publisher: ABC-CLIO
Published: December 2014
Orphans and Destitute Children in the Late Ottoman Empire
History books often weave tales of rising and falling empires, royal dynasties, and wars among powerful nations. Here, Maksudyan succeeds in making those who are farthest removed from power the lead actors in this history. Focusing on orphans and destitute youth of the late Ottoman Empire, the author gives voice to those children who have long been neglected. Their experiences and perspectives shed new light on many significant developments of the late Ottoman period, providing an alternative narrative that recognizes children as historical agents.
Maksudyan takes the reader from the intimate world of infant foundlings to the larger international context of missionary orphanages, all while focusing on Ottoman modernization, urbanization, citizenship, and the maintenance of order and security. Drawing upon archival records, she explores the ways in which the treatment of orphans intersected with welfare, labor, and state building in the Empire. Throughout the book, Maksudyan does not lose sight of her lead actors, and the influence of the children is always present if we simply listen and notice carefully as Maksudyan so convincingly argues.
ISBN-13: 9780815633181
ISBN-10: 0815633181
Binding: Hardcover
Publisher: Syracuse University Press
Published: December 2014